How to Calculate Hours Worked for Payroll (Step by Step)

Whether you're an hourly employee checking your paycheck or a small business owner running payroll, here's exactly how to convert clock times into accurate, payable hours.

Time card calculation example showing clock-in, clock-out, breaks, and decimal hour conversion
Quick Answer

To calculate hours worked: subtract clock-in time from clock-out time, then subtract unpaid break time, then convert minutes to decimal by dividing by 60. For example, 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM with a 30-minute lunch equals 7.5 hours (8 hours minus 0.5 hours break).

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Step-by-Step Calculation

  1. Record clock-in and clock-out times for each day, in either 12-hour (AM/PM) or 24-hour format
  2. Subtract start time from end time to get gross hours
  3. Subtract unpaid break time (e.g., 30-minute lunch)
  4. Convert minutes to decimal for payroll calculations

Converting Minutes to Decimal Hours

Payroll systems require decimal format, not hours:minutes. The formula is simple: decimal = minutes ÷ 60.

MinutesDecimal
15 min0.25
30 min0.50
45 min0.75

Handling Overnight Shifts

If your clock-out time is numerically earlier than clock-in (e.g., in at 10:00 PM, out at 6:00 AM), add 24 hours (1,440 minutes) to the end time before subtracting, to correctly account for the shift crossing midnight.

Calculating Pay From Hours

Multiply your total decimal hours by your hourly rate. Example: 37.5 decimal hours × $22/hour = $825.00 gross pay for the week, before tax withholding.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Divide the minutes by 60: 45 ÷ 60 = 0.75. So 7 hours 45 minutes = 7.75 decimal hours, used for payroll calculations by multiplying against an hourly rate.
No — most basic time card calculators total hours but don't automatically apply overtime rates. Federal law (FLSA) generally requires 1.5x pay for hours over 40/week for non-exempt employees, calculated separately.
Sources: Figures and guidelines cited above are drawn from federal agencies and recognized industry bodies (IRS, Federal Reserve, CDC, studentaid.gov) current as of 2026. Always verify current-year figures, as thresholds adjust annually.